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Given a finite non-cyclic group G, call s (G) the smallest number of proper subGROUPS of G needed to cover G. Lucchini and Detomi conjectured that if a nonabelian group G is such that s (G)<s (G/N) for every non-trivial normal subgroup N of G then G is monolithic, meaning that it admits a unique minimal normal subgroup. In this paper we show how this conjecture can be attacked by the direct study of monolithic GROUPS.

The history of scince has been the scene of challeges with these theories which looked quite obvious at the first glance. Considering Iranian agriculture as a PRIMITIVE phonomenon is among those assumptions that should be debated.This article is firstly concerned with the backgournd of this assumption and its literature during recent 400 years since Jean Chardin till P.Petroshevsky, A.K.S. Lambton, Wolf, and ideas of Iranian reserchers and experts; then through a logical reasoning and with the aid of historical, anthropological and sustainable agricultural theories it tries to cast a serious criticism on this assumption.In the end, the author investigates the theoretical and practical virtues of such arguments and simultaneously reminds that posing such discussions is not at the aim of denying or even neglecting the western science and particularly industerial agriclutre. On the countrary, separating agricultural science from our thousands year legacy is one of those strategies through which western systems try to attain their commercial goals.To understand traditional agriculture, will surely make our researchers interested in thinking of strategies and experiences of Iranian traditional agriculture and also that of other old-cultured countries such as Egypt, China and India.In this regard, we hope that we can make great progresses in both sustaniable agricultural development and protecting our invrionme.

PRIMITIVE neuroectodermal tumors are fairly rare in uterus. A case of uterine body PRIMITIVE neuroectodermal tumor in a 32-year-old Iranian woman is presented. The patient was admitted with abdominal pain and fever and underwent emergency exploratory surgery with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection. Posterior wall of the uterus was necrotic and ruptured and a huge tumor disrupted the uterine body. The tumor was strongly positive for CD99, NSE, and chromogranin; No reaction was seen for CD10, CD45 and myogenin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an uterine body PRIMITIVE neuroectodermal tumor and the second report of uterine PRIMITIVE neuroectodermal tumor from Iran.

In this research, a method for producing gum tragacanth (GT) fibers is presented. Ribbon type GT of Astragalus Gummifer species were obtained from local production lands. The gum was treated with alkali to increase its process ability, and allowed to stand for a period of time to reach the proper viscosity and/or to “ripen”. Samples with different ripening times were prepared and their viscosities were measured to determine the effect of ageing time on viscosity. They were injected into a coagulation bath. Calcium chloride with different concentrations was applied as the coagulant agent. The consolidated samples were washed under different pH conditions. Finally, the mechanical properties of the fibers were measured and their scanning electron micrographs were taken. The results show that chemically modified GT can be processed into fibers with different qualities.

We introduce PRIMITIVE hyperideals of a hyperring $R$ and show how they are related to $R$ itself, and to maximal and prime hyperideals of $R$. We endow a Jacobson topology on the set of PRIMITIVE hyperideals of $R$ and study the topological properties of the corresponding hyperstructure space.